Childhood Isolation And Its Effects On Children - 1290 Words

Being an only child, I have always wondered if I was affected by childhood isolation. I consider myself to be quite shy and quiet which got me thinking, has childhood isolation shaped me to be this way? From what I know, childhood isolation has many long-term affects on children such as shyness, depression, and can make a person antisocial. â€Å"How has being only child effected me†, is my primary question. From this question I hope to learn the different aspects of childhood isolation, like what does it really mean to be isolated, does it have different effects on people, and if so why? By answering these questions, I can discover if I experienced isolation in my childhood and how it might have impacted me physically, mentally, psychologically, and socially. I started my research by entering my question, â€Å"How does being an only child effect child development†, at the Wayne state library databases search engine and couldn’t really find what I was looking fo r, so I did a google search and found an article that partially answered my question. The article is titled â€Å"The Dangers of Loneliness† by Hara marano published on July 1, 2003; it discusses the many effects loneliness has on children and adults. More specifically, it explains the affects loneliness has on the mental and physical health of an individual. In the article it states, â€Å"unmet social needs take a serious toll on health, eroding our arteries, creating high blood pressure, and even undermining learning and memory†.Show MoreRelatedSocial Isolation, Neglect And Child Development964 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Isolation, Neglect and Child Development Social isolation is defined by Nicholson (2009) as a state in which the individual lacks a sense of belonging socially, lacks engagement and social contact with others and is unable to form quality relationships (as cited in Nicholson, 2012). Social isolation and neglect can have detrimental effects on a child’s overall physical, cognitive and emotional development. According to Kendall, Murray and Linden (2007), the initial love and nurturance weRead MoreThe Role of Attachment in Infancy Is Vital in Subsequent Emotional Development1223 Words   |  5 Pagesabandoned. The paper Total social isolation in monkeys by Dodsworth, Harlow, Harlow (1965), likens rhesus monkeys to children as parallels exist between the social development of humans and monkeys. The study kept infant rhesus monkeys in total isolation therefore depriving them completely of any caregiver and possibility of attachment, mimicking children in orphanages, or children suffering from emotional, physical or sexual abuse. Though no monkeys died during isolation, a monkey that had been isolatedRead MoreSymptoms And Causes Of Child Physical Abuse825 Words   |  4 PagesAlong with symptoms and causes of child physical abuse, physical abuse has long-term impacts on children. According to Adults Surviving Child Abuse (2015), research has found that childhood abuse contributes to the likelihood of depression, anxiety disorders, addictions, personality disorders, sexual disorders and suicidal behavior. A recent study found that almost 76% of adults reporting child physical abuse and negl ect have at least one psychiatric disorder in their lifetime and nearly 50% haveRead MoreEssay on Nurture versus Nature756 Words   |  4 Pages20 months, children of chatty mothers average 131 more words than children of less talkative mothers#8230; the critical factor is the number of times the child hears different words. (Begley, p.31) Hence, the child forms synapses through learning from experience, such as observing their mother in conversation. The structure of the brain is delicate, especially during the maturation years of development. If the brain is traumatized in any such way within the first years of childhood, those traumaticRead MoreThe Major Theoretical Perspectives Provide A Framework For Understanding And Conceptualizing Client s Current Mental Health Issues1625 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding and conceptualizing client’s current mental health issues and the potential contributory factors in the development of their problems. The present client, Toni Barone, is seeking treatment for her current unhappiness with her life, social isolation, and bereavement issues stemming from her father’s death. From a biological perspective, there appears to be a potential for some genetic or inherited mental health issues, with various family members presenting with diagnosed and undiagnosed disordersRead MoreEssay on The Increasing Prevelance of Type 2 Diabetes1011 Words   |  5 Pagesin children and teens was the type 1, little wonder it was called juvenile diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic, unremitting medical conditions that develop in childhood or adolescence. There is a bimodal age of onset, with the first peak at 4 to 6 years and the second peak in early adolescence. But now younger people are also getting type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes used to be called adult-onset diabetes. But now it is becoming more common in children andRead MoreInfluence of Culture on Parenting Practices and Child Development1141 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence of Culture on Parenting Practices and Child Development Parenting practices and child development have a strong correlation. â€Å"Parents often like to think that children are immune to the stressful complexities and troubles of the rapidly changing adult world† (Henderson, 2011). Many adults underestimate the perception of children to the world and, therefore, believing concerns of the child do not matter. There are numerous factors involved in the developing child such as family constellationRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Children850 Words   |  4 PagesNegative Effects of Social Networking Social networks claim to connect us; however, connections have not gotten any better and are instead turning into anti-social networks; in which you decide to take control or be controlled. Children are using more technology now than they have ever used in the past. All of the negative effects that social media and television is having on adults are far greater when it comes to the developing minds of children. There is no way to know what long term effect technologyRead MoreA Society Of Family Life992 Words   |  4 Pages ‘A Society of Family Life’ (The Changing Nature of Childhood) by Deborah Chambers explores further into post-divorce families and the impact of new media, discovering the effects it has on young people and children in family homes. Chamber’s also addresses aspects such as race, ethnic identity and gender comparing individual values to cultural customs of today’s society and the diversity of family life. This paper will mainly review pos t-divorce outcomes involving financial and social criteria controllingRead MoreThe Effects Of Time Outs And Spanking On Children1711 Words   |  7 Pagesof time-outs and spanking are a good way to correct a misbehave in children. As people know time-out is is a method use to modify undesirable and inappropriate behavior in children, such as disobedience aggression and inappropriate social behavior. Exclusion time out is usually the process in which you placed the child in a corner of a room away from any fun activities un-reinforced by social interactions. There is also isolation time out in which you remove the child from the room and send them

Stay at Home Moms vs Working Moms Free Essays

Many women have careers before they began their family. But once the first child arrives, it is time to decide whether to be a stay-at-home mom or to go back to work. There are many factors that go into this decision and it is different for every family. We will write a custom essay sample on Stay at Home Moms vs Working Moms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Making a decision to stay at home with the children or join the workforce can be a difficult process. I have been fortunate to experience being a stay-at-home mom for three years. I’ve come o realize the benefits of becoming a stay-at-home mom versus a working mom is having more time with the children, less stress, and it saves financially. One of the biggest and most obvious benefits of being a stay-at-home mom is the amount of time available to spend with the children. A stay-at-home mom is assured her children are being raised in a healthy, positive environment. Stay-at-home moms can expect fewer doctor bills, some children don’t come in contact with as many viruses and bacteria at home than at a daycare. If they do get a cold or the flu, the parent at home does not have to scramble to find care or ask for a day off of work. They are already at home with the child. Mothers at home have their busy days, but also have days where they spend time doing things just for the kids. They can go to the park at a moments notice. As a stay-at-home mom, I have the time to sit with my children and read books, play with race cars, and teach them the letters of the alphabet. Some benefits of being a stay-at-home mom is the mother is able to teach and educate her children, and have more consistent discipline. By staying at home, mothers can ensure that their children have the best start in life, by giving them the love and support they need. Staying at home can mean reduced stress to a slower, less frantic pace. While the world around us is going a million miles an hour, my children’s world is calm and stable. There is no morning rush to get everyone out the door and there are no chaotic evenings where we are not sure who is going to cook supper. I can give my children the time they deserve instead of cramming in time here and there. It is true that raising children can be stressful, but mothers who stay at home have less stress upon them than the working moms. Probably one of the biggest factors helping to decide if a parent should stay at home with the children is whether it is economically feasible. In many small ways, my being at home enables us to live on less (which means we have less income). Because I am at home, I have the time to keep track of our finances month-to-month and put together a detailed shopping list which helps keep our grocery bill to a minimum. Transportation expenses also often drops for stay-at-home moms. This can also decrease the premiums of auto insurance. A benefit of staying at home has the ability to save on or even eliminate the cost of child care. One of the most easily forgotten factors is taxes will decrease with the loss of that second income. After all, the decrease in taxes is not only in terms of dollars but also in the tax bracket. A stay-at-home mom eats out less often on average. Also the amount a stay-at-home mom spends on clothing generally goes down significantly. There is little need for a stay-at home mom to constantly buy new clothing. When a mother decides to stay-at-home, she can cut the hidden cost of work funds. Stay-at-home parenting is a full time occupation and definitely not and easy one. For my husband and I, we felt that taking a more active role in our children’s care, raising them up in the things we believe, and teaching and loving them for those precious early years would be beneficial to them. The best part of staying at home is setting my own schedule and getting to do fun things with my kids. Each set of parents has an idea of how they want their children to be raised. No one can raise children the way parents want except the parents themselves. There is a special bonding and interaction that grows and takes place between parents and children when either parent is able to stay at home. Sharing everyday life with kids, seeing them growing on a daily basis and giving the love and attention the need can make both parents and kids happy. How to cite Stay at Home Moms vs Working Moms, Essay examples

Demand and Supply of Houses in Australia Free-Samples for Students

Questions: Discuss about the Demand and Supply of houses in Australia. Answer: Introduction The article titled RBA governor Philip Lowe only sees one way to solve Australia's housing affordability problem written by David Scutt on April 5th, 2017 shows factors influencing the demand and supply of houses in Australia. Australia is experiencing imbalances between the supply and demand of dwelling units. While the demand for houses in the main cities like Melbourne and Sydney has been increasing, the supply has not grown in response to the rising demand. As a result, the prices of houses have increased significantly making it difficult for the low and mid-income families to secure affordable homes. The demand for homes has been driven up by population influx in the cities low cost of borrowing as well as an increase in investor demand due to capital gains(Scutt 2017). The supply of homes has remained relatively constant to due underinvestment in this sector. The issues presented in this article are of interest to the government as it has come up with ways to correct the situation in the housing market to ensure that the low-income earners have access to affordable housing. Both the demand side and supply side policies have been proposed to help restore the situation. The demand side policies involve restricting tax concessions on housing and decreasing immigration levels. On the other hand, the supply plans entail the improvement of infrastructure to increase the supply of well-located lands for delivery of new homes. Economic Analysis The Demand for Houses From economic theory, we understand that prices and other factors usually influence the demand for commodities. In Australia, the demand for homes is currently determined by other factors. Foremost, major cities like Melbourne and Sydney have experienced population pressure thus increasing the demand for accommodation units. Furthermore, low cost of borrowing for homes and the provision of tax concessions have had an impact on increasing the amount of money in the economy and hence growth in demand. Increase in Demand for Houses Price Demand Increase in city population, reduced cost of borrowing and provision of tax concessions on houses has resulted in growth in demand for houses in Australia. The growth in demand is shown by the shift of the demand curve from D1 to D2. The number of housing units demanded increases to Q2. Similarly, the price of homes has increased, that is, movement from P1 to P2. Scarcity in Houses While the demand for dwelling units has been increasing, the supply of homes has not changed to respond to the rising demand. The incapability of the supply to increase has been linked to underinvestment. For example, the government is not doing enough when it comes to the development of core infrastructures such as roads, water, and sewerage. As a result, there is the inadequate provision of suitably located land to facilitate the constructions of new houses. Moreover, inadequate infrastructure increases the costs associated with the building of houses and hence low supply. The aftermath of this situation is the shortage of houses that has contributed to the rising prices hindering low-income households from securing homes. The shift in demand from D1 to D2 resulted in an increase in the number of dwelling units required. The individuals now demand Q3 housing units while the landlords can only supply Q1. Therefore, the difference between Q3 and Q1 represents a shortage of homes in Australian real estate market. Recommendations It is evident that Australia is facing housing affordability crisis. The higher price of houses is an indication of market failure in rental apartments. Therefore, government intervention is necessary to restore the worsening situation and ensure that all the citizens have equal access to affordable housing. The state needs to focus on measures that will increase the delivery of affordable dwelling apartments. Foremost, infrastructure is essential to proper operation of the housing market in any country. Better infrastructures act as an incentive for property developers to continue providing additional homes(Gurran Phibbs 2013, p. 384). The government should, therefore, develop roads, water and sewerage services and other essential social amenities in different locations to increase the availability of well-situated land for development of new rental apartments. Studies depict that poor infrastructure raises the costs of constructing new houses and the landlords usually pass the costs to the purchasers of homes through hiked prices(McLaren, Yeo Sweet 2016, p. 54). Better roads and other essential social amenities will not only reduce the cost of providing homes but also reduce the prices of houses and hence affordable to many individuals. Furthermore, financial support is a major factor that facilitates investments in a country. The government should develop measures to increase the provision of funds to the property developers. For examples, the state can reduce the interest on loans made for the construction of residential houses. Providing the required financial and regulation support to the non-governmental organizations involved in the development affordable dwellings will also help the supply of cheap houses for low-income individuals. Land laws in Australia have been known to hinder the building of new homes. The country has stringent policies on land use which make it difficult for the delivery of apartments as the compliance costs are high(Rowley, Ong Haffner 2015, p. 480). If the government relaxes some of the strict land use regulations, then more houses can be constructed. The tax concessions should be limited to reduce the investor demand that has contributed to hiked prices of dwellings. Conclusion Higher prices of homes in Australia have denied the low and mid-income persons to secure affordable homes. The incidences of homeless are going to rise, and also more people will live in substandard houses. Key public employees who cannot afford to stay in their areas of work will suffer more. Therefore, the input of the government is vital given that it has the capabilities to use both supply side and demand side policies to restore the situation. The supply side policies should incorporate the improvement of infrastructure to guarantee sustainable delivery of homes. The state can also limit the investor demand by reducing the tax concessions provided to them. Bibliography Davidson, NM 2016, Affordable housing and public-private partnerships, Routledge. Gurran, N Phibbs, P 2013, 'Housing supply and urban planning reform: the recent Australian experience, 20032012', International Journal of Housing Policy, vol 13, no. 4, pp. 381-407. McLaren, J, Yeo, A Sweet, M 2016, 'Australia is Facing a Housing Affordability Crisis: Is the Solution to this Problem the Singapore Model of Housing? ', Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal, vol 10, no. 4, pp. 38-57. Rowley, S, Ong, R Haffner, M 2015, 'Bridging the Gap between Housing Stress and Financial Stress: The Case of Australia', Housing Studies, vol 30, no. 3, pp. 473-490. Scutt, D 2017, RBA governor Philip Lowe only sees one way to solve Australia's housing affordability problem, viewed 25th April 2017, https://www.businessinsider.com.au/lowe-housing-affordability-2017-4.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich (1894-1971), Soviet Communist Leader, W

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich (1894-1971), Soviet Communist leader, who was first secretary of the Soviet Communist party from 1953 to 1964 and premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1958 to 1964. Born in Kalinovka, the son of a miner, Khrushchev worked in his early years as a shepherd and locksmith. After serving in the czarist army in World War I (1914-1918) and participating in the Russian Revolution, he joined the Communist party and the Red Army in 1918 and fought in the civil war. He attended a Communist party high school in 1921 and was active as a party organizer until 1929. For the next two years he attended the Industrial Academy in Moscow. Khrushchev advanced rapidly in the party, becoming a member of the Central Committee in 1934. From 1935 to 1937, as first secretary of the Moscow Regional Committee, he directed the industrialization program of the second five-year plan. In 1938 he was transferred to the Ukraine as first secretary of the Ukrainian party organization and made a provisional member of the party Politburo; he became a full member in 1939 and was also appointed to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. During World War II (1939-1945) Khrushchev headed the political department of the Red Army on the southern front. In 1944, after the Germans were driven from the Ukraine, he was entrusted with restoring agricultural production, establishing order, and punishing traitors. Returning to Moscow in 1949, he was appointed a member of the Secretariat of the party's Central Committee. Subsequently he emerged as the foremost Soviet agricultural expert. After the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, Khrushchev became first secretary of the Central Committee, in effect the head of the Communist party of the USSR. A struggle for power ensued between Khrushchev; Georgy Malenkov, head of the government; and Lavrenty Beria, head of the secret police (known as the KGB). Malenkov and Khrushchev, along with many members of the government, wanted to reduce the power of the KGB, which had operated with virtually no constraints throughout the Stalin era. Beria, in contrast, wanted to increase the KGB's political power. The party supported Malenkov and Khrushchev, and Beria was arrested and executed in 1953. Khrushchev was able to outmaneuver Malenkov because Khruschev controlled the party apparatus; he had appointed many of its members, and they were loyal to him. In 1955 Malenkov resigned. In 1956, during the 20th Party Congress, Khrushchev took an unprecedented step and denounced Stalin and his methods. Khrushchev accused Stalin of being responsible for mass murders and deportations, the German invasion during World War II, and the USSR's break with Yugoslavia. Khrushchev's motivations for this de-Stalinization were complex. He wanted to bring the rule of law back to the government, but he also wanted to eliminate competition within the party. Although Khrushchev had himself been involved in Stalin's purges and terrorism, he was able to implicate many of Stalin's top men who bore even more responsibility for these crimes. Khrushchev's de-Stalinization efforts, however, dealt only with false trials and forced confessions of Communist party members. They did not address the millions of average citizens who were murdered or imprisoned by Stalin. Consequently, de-Stalinization lifted only slightly the fear and sense of oppression instilled over three decades. Domestically, Khrushchev's biggest challenge was agriculture. The government's grain forecasts were not very realistic; they were based on years with high production, and actual production frequently fell short of the predictions. Khrushchev opened up large sections of virgin land in Siberia, the Ural Mountains, and Kazakstan to farming, but production was hampered by problems with climate, choice of crop, and lack of equipment and labor. Khrushchev worked to improve living standards in the USSR, creating a minimum wage in 1956 and building large housing complexes. In foreign affairs, Khrushchev advocated peaceful coexistence with the West, while continuing the USSR's strong control over Eastern Europe. Civil unrest in Poland in 1956 was resolved without military conflict; in contrast, Soviet troops invaded Hungary the same year to crush an uprising and place a Communist, pro-Soviet government in control. Relations with the United States were tense because Khrushchev favored nuclear weapons over conventional armies. These tensions culminated during the Cuban missile crisis of 1962, when the United States demanded that the USSR remove nuclear missiles that it had placed in Cuba. After several very strained days, the USSR agreed. Khrushchev lost support from the KGB and the conservative members of the Communist party when he denounced Stalin, and he alienated the military by advocating defense

Singapore vs. Cambodia Essay Example

Singapore vs. Cambodia Essay Example Singapore vs. Cambodia Essay Singapore vs. Cambodia Essay Cambodia0r Singapore 1. ) The health social conditions of Cambodia using the human development indicator were; their life expectancy at birth is 62. 2. Its prevalence of undernourishment in total population (% of population) is 25. The country’s expenditure on health, public (% of GDP) is 1. 7 and under-five mortality (per 1,000 live births) is 90. 1. ) According to the Human Development Indicator of Singapore their Life expectancy at birth (years) is 80. 7. Its mortality rate is 3 (per 1,000 live births) and their Expenditure on health, public (% of GDP) is 1. . Singapore is focusing more in the health of their people. | 2. ) Based on the data given, we may interpret that Cambodia has a poor health condition due to its poor political, economic, and social conditions. It is likely this further deterioration of Cambodias health conditions will directly and  severely  impact their people and eventually their nation. Apparently, Cambodia has a low life expectancy of 62. 2% co mpare to Singapore with 80. 7%, and has a mortality rate of 90 per 1000 live births. That’s why they have the higher spending on public health with 1. 7% compared to Singapore. Moreover, it simply means that the countrys current healthcare systems has a lack of sufficient personnel, services, and information to effectively control and prevent disease outbreaks and improve their health conditions. 2. ) As what in the data had shown, we can say that Singapore has a good health condition compared to Cambodia. Singapore has the highest life expectancy rate which has 80. 7% while Cambodia has only 62. % life expectancy rate, Singapore has also the lowest Mortality Rate with 3% per 1000 live births while Cambodia has 90% mortality rate. That’s the reason why Singapore’s expenditure on public health is only 1% compared to Cambodia that has 1. 7%. This simply means that Singapore gives more importance to the health of their population and continues to improve their health system. Therefore the health conditions in Singapore compare favorably with those i n other economically  developed nations. 3. For us, the state of health of its population maybe contributed by its Cambodias poor economy, which is agriculture-dependent,  reflects decades of war and internal strife and, as a result, it remains one of the poorest countries in the world and extremely dependent on foreign aid. It is also one of the most corrupt countries in the world, ranking 151 out of 163 countries on Transparency Internationals 2006 Corruption Perception Index (scoring 2. 1 out of 10). Cambodia is also an important transportation hub for heroin trafficking,  and the country remains a breeding ground for terrorists. This environment does little to attract further investment in the country. The nationwide spread of disease is also likely to create indirect economic and security impacts due to the regional increase of disease outbreaks. Chronic diseases are likely to intensify Cambodias health problems as the widespread tobacco and drug use, high levels of depression, and general malnutrition among the countrys aging population will highly likely increase the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes over the next 10-15 years. . ) Singapore’s state of health is good. Rising standards of living, high standards of education, good housing, safe water supply and sanitation, high quality medical services and the active promotion of preventive medicine, have all helped to significantly boost the health of Singaporeans. The range and quality of medical services is notably high, with a large number of doctors and dentists. There are both government and private hospitals, while nonh ospital care is dispensed from numerous outpatient clinics and mobile centers. The government and voluntary associations, the latter coordinated by the Council of Social Service, provide welfare services for the aged, sick, and unemployed. As a matter of fact, Singapore has one of the most efficient healthcare systems in the world, even with a health expenditure relatively low for developed countries. Almost the whole population has access to improved water and sanitation facilities. There are fewer than 10 annual deaths from HIV per 100,000 people, and there is a high level of immunization and adult obesity is below 10%. 4. If you live in Cambodia, you will know about the health sector of their country, whether it is good or bad. But even though you are not staying there, still it is obvious that they have a poor health status. Moreover, it is not just only they have poor health status but also many comments about their health care system such as: The health service is not available to people especially the poor and the one who live in desert areas because of poverty issue. They don’t have enough ability to provide good care to people whose living is not in a good condition, even if they wanted to because of the same reason-poor. In addition, the doctors in Cambodia have also a low salary. In this case, we may recommend that Cambodia must rebuild their capacity and medical ethnics for Cambodia’s doctors and they must treat patients equally not the poor treat differently and the rich serve nicely. As a doctor, it is very important to take care of people life. This is their significant role. Thus, Cambodia must also continue promoting sustainable strategies to improve access to health care and unified social health protection measures and develop the systems needed to achieve universal health insurance coverage in their nation’s development. 4. Singapore focuses more to the health of their people and at the same time to its state’s health. They provide high standard of living most especially in their health system. Singapore is promoting itself as a  medical tourism  hub: about 200,000 foreigners seek medical care there each year, and Singapore medical services aim to serve one million foreign patients annually by 2012 and generate USD 3  billion in revenue. If you live in Singapore you will benefit a lot of things related to health even you are poor or rich. Singapore also provides more health infrastructures to their citizen which can provide good quality of life. We recommend that Singapore must continue this kind of health system in order for them to provide good health and high quality of life to their citizens. They must not only focus in their health system but at the same time to their social condition needs which they are now doing and still continuing to improve it for the future of the next generations. They must also continue to provide a safety net for those who could not otherwise afford healthcare and the government must continue to provide healthcare insurances for their people for them to live to the fullest. |

Animal testing is one of the most long-lasting and controversial questions. It even seems that this issue will remain unresolved forever. A lot of people are in favor of the idea that all the medical experiments should be conducted on animals. Scientists provide us with a long list of pros of animal testing, giving the examples of how it helped to heal serious diseases or even saved people’s lives. And it is hard to argue with that. Firstly, we all know that thanks to some researches on animals, the vital substance hormone insulin was discovered and it continues saving lives of diabetics until today. (â€Å"The Discovery of Insulin†). The cases of polio were reduced by a thousand times within only 20 years due to the positive results that were shown after testing this vaccine on our four-legged friends. (â€Å"Poliomyelitis†) Animal experimentation has also made a great contribution to the crucial progress in understanding and coping with such illnesses as cancer , brain injury, leukemia, fibrosis, malaria, multiple sclerosis, tuberculosis, and many others, and it also became an instrument for the development of pacemakers, cardiac valve substitutes, and anesthetics. If not for the chimpanzees, we would not have a vaccine for hepatitis B and C as well. (â€Å"Diseases & Research†). Of course, these results were gained at the expense of countless suffering animals. Unfortunately, there is no equal substitution for them so far, because the system of any living being is a thousand times more complex than the system of any computer. Only the animal body can react in a similar way to our body. The defenders of animal rights strongly disagree with this statement. They claim that the human body is very different from the body of the animal, and the drugs that are helpful for the mouse will not work for people. And all these tests, experiments and researches are only the waste of time, money and poor animals’ lives. Almost all drugs that were tested on animals had failed to be good for people. The large amount of money that was spent on feeding, housing and treating during all these experiments, could have been spent on medicines for people, who are in need. Get high quality custom written essay just for $10 Both sides have constructive arguments and are ready to defend their positions. Those, who support animal testing, claim that the absence of animal rights is a good thing; otherwise, we could not hunt and eat meat to stay healthy and strong and could not make clothes to protect ourselves during the winter and cold weather. The opposite side considers it to be inhumane. The stance of the church is also a bit vague. It states that the interests of the people are above all, but at the same time we have to be merciful to those, who are much weaker than we are. On the one hand, these tests are really very painful and cause suffering to defenseless animals. All the awful manipulations conducted during the experiments can never be justified. These tortures include immobilization of animals, irritation of their skin and mucous membranes, keeping them in the unnatural for them environment. On the other hand, it would be also cruel to use people for such experimental purposes. Taking into consideration all these facts, it is impossible to determine who is right in this so-called war. Recently, a new tendency has appeared. According to it, the scientists have to look for alternatives of animal testing and research. Some new inventions have already taken place. For example, the Harvard’s Wyss Institute   has created chips that reflect human organs and cells structure and function. New methods of skin and mucous cell growth are becoming popular and more productive as well. (â€Å"Organs-on-Chips†). It can be used for tests, because it does not have emotions and, therefore, will not be scared, frustrated and feel pain. The scientists have also revealed that the human blood can be used for medical tests, and there is no need to make animals consume toxic and poisonous substances and irritate their eyes with corrosive liquids. There are also researchers, who work on creating computer models that will show us the process of tissue and tumor develo pment, thus helping doctors indicate the causes and find the appropriate remedy. Despite the growing number of alternatives, there still is a large amount of experiments on animals. And we still suffer from new diseases that appear every day. It seems that there is no way we could find out how to be healthy and live forever. That is why we have to concentrate on how to live honorably and do only decent things without hurting the creatures that are left at the mercy of us. 1. â€Å"The Discovery of Insulin†.  Nobelprize.org.  Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. Accessed 7 Jan 2016. http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/insulin/discovery-insulin.html 2. â€Å"Poliomyelitis,† who.int,  World Health Organization. Web. Accessed 7 Jan 2016. http://www.who.int/biologicals/areas/vaccines/poliomyelitis/en/ 3. â€Å"Diseases & Research,† Animal Research.info, Web. Accessed 7 Jan 2016. http://www.animalresearch.info/en/medical-advances/diseases-research/ 4. â€Å"Organs-on-Chips†, Wyss Institute, 2014. Web. Accessed 7 Jan 2016. http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpage/461/ Rely on professional writers with your college paper and take a load off your mind. Relax while we are working on your essay. Your peace of mind is just one click away

Fallacy arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fallacy arguments - Essay Example This was also the time when Lindsey decided to go to university. The fallacy that the speaker commits here is the oversimplified cause fallacy. First, the speaker believes that since the relationship went downhill at the same time that Lindsey went to university, then the university thing must have been the reason behind the failure of the relationship. However, these may have only been a coincidence, and that nobody could really actually say that two events happening together in close succession would be both a cause and an effect. Second, the speaker falsely labels Lindsey’s decision to go to university as something that violates the traditional female role. Perhaps, the speaker equates female tradition with submission to the male gender or prioritizing one’s boyfriend instead of going to school. Either way, the meaning of â€Å"traditional female role† is vague. The fallacy is therefore committed as the speaker labels this decision of Lindsey’s to go to university as something that violates the traditional female role, and somehow hastily ascribing to this abandonment of the traditional female role as the cause of the failure of a relationship. 2. Mayor Ford: Reporters from the Toronto Star, and Globe and Mail newspapers have claimed that I use crack cocaine, and that my brother dealt drugs in the 80’s. But those reporters are just a bunch of maggots. So, nobody should listen to those little sleaze bags. Premise 1) The reporters of certain newspapers claim that Mayor Ford uses cocaine and implicates his brother in this. 2) These reporters are a â€Å"bunch of maggots† and â€Å"little sleaze bags.† Conclusion: Nobody should listen to them, or what they are saying is not true. Fallacy: Ad hominem According to the mayor himself, the reporters of the various newspapers whom he named were accusing him of using drugs and even implicate his brother in this. However, instead of stating whether these accusations are t rue or not, or instead of giving his statement on the matter, the mayor decided to resort to committing the fallacy of ad hominem by calling these reporters a â€Å"bunch of maggots† and â€Å"little sleaze bags† – which are extremely derogatory terms. These bad names were used by the mayor in order to discredit these reporters and to somehow make the reader feel that these reporters do not deserve to be heard at all. Thus, the tendency of those who will believe the mayor’s statement will be to refuse to believe the reporters. The mayor is perhaps committing this fallacy deliberately in order to evade the true issue, or perhaps the possible truth that he really was a crackpot. 3. Keesha: I’ve just started using Weight Watcher’s weight loss program. You should really try it. Martin: Why Weight Watchers? Aren’t there lots of different weight loss programs out there? Keesha: Well maybe, but I know Weight Watchers is the best because the sales associate at Weight Watchers told me that their program is the only way to lose weight safely and effectively. Premise 1) The sales associate at Weight Watchers told Keesha that their program is the only way to lose weight safely and effectively. 2) Weight Watchers is the best. Conclusion: Keesha has started using Weight Watcher’s weight loss program. Fallacy: Inappropriate Appeal to Authority According to Keesha, the Weight Watchers weight loss prog

Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Critical Thinking - Essay Example When organizations use effective critical thinking skills and processes, they draw legitimate conclusions based on perfect evidence and well-supported claims. In an organization employees are expected to make good decisions. And these decisions need to be based on a methodical and careful examination of all existing information. In order to take a good decision it is important to ask relevant questions, listen to the each and every one, compile complex information, and involve others and make use of their expertise in critical decision making. Recently, I got promoted as the regional sales manager for a pharmaceutical company. This promotion came to me as a reward for helping my company achieve the set target and also by getting involved in the companies’ decision making that will determine the future growth of my company. Until the last year the sales target was only 3 crores but the company put forward a proposal to achieve 50 crores in the next 10 years. Though it looked challenging, I took up the challenge and initiated the planning process. I made a through market survey to find out if such a huge target could be achieved in the next 10 years. I also took the feed back from my subordinates and also suggestions my superiors. Before I put forth the final plan in front of my company, I had to make sure the all my team members were with me and supported my plan. Once I finished with my planning I presented it. I was confident about the success of my plan because each and every step to be taken was planned out critically.

Categorical clustering Essay Example for Free

Categorical clustering Essay Theories which link recall directly to the way in which the information is encoded are very well supported and accepted among cognitive theorists; however, there is a lack of research on specific tricks to encoding which may aid in recall efficiency (Roy, 1967). The theories on this are widely accepted but, in fact, are poorly supported due to their common sense value. There is a need for more research about the ways in which environment directly effects efficiency of recall. Considering all of the research done on the correlation between encoding methods and recall, it can be seen that recall is directly affected by the modality and physical characteristics of encoding (Squire, 1987). Mnemonic devices are techniques to improve retention and most involve some combination of vivid visual imagery, organization of information into meaningful units, and hierarchies, and association with well-learned information (Winn, 2001). Many different memorization techniques have been designed to accommodate the unique way that every brain encodes the most effectively. Mnemonic devices have been devised to help the naturally most effective way for each individuals brain to encode information, but are geared towards visual learners. Kinetic and Auditory Learners need to modify what is being encoded in order for it to be effectively recalled later (Expanding, 1996). These specific techniques add meaning to an otherwise meaningless list of items (Sternberg, 1999). Common mnemonic devices include categorical clustering, interactive images, pegword systems, method of loci, acronyms, acrostics, and keyword systems. Henry Roediger has studied the comparative effectiveness of these mnemonic strategies and found that it was influenced by the kind of task required at the time of retrieval. He went on to suggest that when choosing a method for encoding, one should keep in mind the purpose of recalling the information (Sternberg, 1999).. Students are often asked to memorize large amounts of information at one time. There is a very small amount of research on the effectiveness of different mnemonic devices specifically effective for the purpose of recalling scholastic information. One method which has been theorized to fit this type of purpose of recall is categorical clustering. It has already been theorized by Weston Bousfield that the human brain automatically separates information into categories. In 1953 he tested this theory by showing that if sets of test words can be divided into categories, participants will automatically cluster their recall output by these categories. Aiding the natural inclination to categorize with mnemonic devices could greatly help memorization. Theories about this are very poorly supported. Further investigation of this specific mnemonic device is important in investigating how it affects the recall of lists of words. Knowing this would be relevant in scholastic and other environments in which this device could be especially helpful. Hypothesis  IB Juniors given a list of 18 words with a list of 3 category titles will recall the items on the list more accurately than those given the list without the category titles  Null Hypothesis  There is no difference in recall between IB Juniors given a list with category titles and those given the list without the titles. Methods: Design  Design  The design that will be used for this experiment is independent samples, because it meets the needs of the experiment and also minimizes error and is effective in controlling specific internal validity concerns. This specific design controls for testing and progressive errors, most order effects, maturation, and mortality. This design, however, does not control for history. The only unwanted subject variables in this experiment would be learning or memory deficit disorders. Drastic problems that keep a student from being able to memorize or learn new things effectively would negatively affect the experiment and make the results more difficult to generalize. To control for this, as a sort of pre-screening, only juniors enrolled in the International Baccalaureate program will be used as volunteers. It can be ensured that any student which has made it that far within that rigorous an academic program has no drastic disorders which effect his or her memory or ability to learn and retain information. This also controls for selection in that all IB Juniors are statistically equivalent. Diffusion of treatment in this experiment could be a problem if the subjects share words or information from the lists while trying to recall them. This could largely alter the results of the experiment and therefore the researchers will be preventing subject interaction and supervising them as they are recalling remembered words. All subjects will be given the exact same list of words, only 1/2 will be given simple category titles. The words will still be in the same order and place on the page to control for instrumentation errors. Ethics Because subjects will be tested in front of a teacher, it will be made fully aware that they will be ethically treated and that in no way will this experiment alter their status in that classroom. The researchers will establish a clear and fair agreement with the research participants prior to their participation. This agreement will clarify the aim of the study, that it is completely optional, and ensure that the results will be shared with the participants after all data is collected and analyzed. The researchers will make the subjects fully aware that the study is not only optional, but that the subject can decline to participate or withdraw from the research at any time without any repercussions whatsoever. All necessary aspects of the research will be described and the volunteers will give their informed consent prior to participation. Results will remain confidential and anonymous, but the final purpose of the study shall be revealed in a follow up session. Since all of the participants are under 18, the principal and the party who is legally responsible for the students while they are on campus (Mrs. Benware) will be made aware of the aim of the study and give her consent to let any volunteers participate in the study. III. Methods: Participants The entire population of IB Juniors may be used in the experiment; however, the statistical concepts of sampling make it unnecessary. The sample will consist of IB Juniors from Mrs. Jamisons 3rd and 6th period classes, and from various other teachers which give informed consent for the researchers to talk to their classrooms about the experiment and offer the opportunity for the students to volunteer. The participants will be a representative group of the entire population of IB juniors. Students which are taking psychology dont create any errors in population validity, as they havent participated in enough training in psychology for their results to be altered in any way because of it. To obtain a random sample from the IB Junior class, students from random classrooms will be asked to volunteer. A random sample of 30 IB Juniors is used in the experiment. They are all 16-17 years of age and have similar academic backgrounds and capabilities, as they are all in the International Baccalaureate program.

Gallipoli :: essays research papers

Gallipoli is the tragic tale of two Australian men, Frank Dunne and Archie Hamilton, who both enlisted to join the Gallipoli campaign overseas. The film follows the two men from their time as competitors in a sprint races to Perth for enlistment the light horse. The film itself isn’t so much a ‘war’ film as it is a film dealing with attitudes of Australians through particular individuals towards war in 1915. The story is told through the continued themes within the film such as competitiveness, mateship and sporting spirit. Gallipoli uses creative and experienced cinematography to effectively send a visual message to the viewer without overstating its intent. This filmic device makes the director a successful yet subtle storyteller. This is especially obvious in the scene where Archie and Frank are crossing the dried up lake bed in an effort to reach Perth. The director uses this landscape to highlight Australia’s isolation from the rest of the world and supports it with the two male leads arguing whether or not it is in their best interests to fight for the Mother Country, England. The screenplay itself accomplishes gaining the audience’s interest and attention by using humour to capture the essence of Australian character letting viewers relate and later sympathise with all characters as well as highlighting Australian spirit. Combined with breathtaking visual imagery, this is a remarkable combination. After fives years of organization, Gallipoli had a budget of a $2.6 million and took 4-5 months to film. The locations were mainly found in South Australia (Town of Beltana, Lake Torrens and the coastline near Port Lincoln was transformed into Gallipoli) but also a small town near Cairo. It had been Mel Gibson’s impressive performance in Mad Max that was enough to convince Weir and Lovell into inviting Gibson to an audition for the role of Frank Dunne. Gibson was successful in the audition and got along well with his fellow co-star, Mark Lee, who had been cast as Archie Hamilton. Despite not having been in a feature film before, Weir thought Lee had the right qualities to portray the character of Archie Hamilton on screen. Gallipoli, as part of a national cinema, can be construed as being made to effectively compete with the dominant international cinema especially Hollywood. It is part of the national cinema ideal to create a space nationally and internationally for non-Hollywood film-making activity. As a result, it was the film-maker’s conscious decision to invoke Gallipoli with qualities that are essentially Australian – dark humour, humanist values and quirkiness.

During the Time Periods of the Late 1800’s Through the Early 1900’s Many Countries Were Trying to Gain Power. There Were Many Different Trends That Were Taking Place During These Times to Help These Countries Gain

DBQ Intro: During the time periods of the late 1800’s through the early 1900’s many countries were trying to gain power. There were many different trends that were taking place during these times to help these countries gain control like Colonialism/ Imperialism, Nationalism, and American domination. The first major trend is Colonialism and Imperialism. Document 1 shows colonization/ imperialism by the president wanting America to take control of most of the world if they don’t choose to run how Americans believe they should.POV: in Document 1 it isn’t surprising that President Roosevelt would say this because he is the president of the United States and wants them to have as much power over the world as possible. Document 3 also shows colonization/ imperialism because the Dutch were trying to colonize the Java and people from Java didn’t like them trying to change their history. This document shows how older people in the countries didn’t wa nt things to change and didn’t want to have to accept the new ways of ruling and colonizing by other nations.Document 4 is a picture of a European standing over Africa this shows colonization because the Europeans tried to colonize Africa. Document 5 is a picture that shows that both France and the English have colonized the Africans. Document 6 shows the United States helping other countries colonize. Additional Document that would be helpful here would be a map or chart or even a picture that showed were all Europe had colonized so we could better understand where all European colonization had taken place. The next major trend is Nationalism.Document 2 shows Nationalism because the Jews wanted to live and there homeland which shoes pride in their nation. POV: It is not surprising that Balfour would write this document because he is a Zionist leader and wants the best for his people. Document 3 also shows nationalism because the father didn’t like that his son spoke D utch to him because he had a love for Java and the language that spoke. Document 6 could also fall under nationalism for the Unites States. The last Major trend was American dominationDocument 1 falls into American domination because America and president Roosevelt just wanted to see all the countries run smoothly even if that meant that Americans had to step into make that happen. Document 6 also shows American Domination because it shows all the countries that America colonized. There were many different ways to gain power during the late 1800’s and Early 1900’s. The major trends during these time periods were Nationalism, Colonization/ Imperialism, and American Domination.

The number of people skiing has increased steadily for the past 100 years

The number of people skiing has increased steadily for the past 100 years. The ever popular sport was started by the English people visiting the Alps. Where people went skiing, resorts started to spring up and businessmen saw the opportunity to make money and started to expand these. These resorts started to bring in many opputunities for the locaal people to work in. Employment in these areas has increased drastically. For example, anyone who decides to visit the resort will have to stay in a hotel. These hotels may be run by an out of country firm but many of the employees would be from the surrounding villages. They would need bar staff, waiters, cleaners, chefs, receptionists, caretakers and managers. The same would go for a restaurant, this would need a manager, waiters, cleaners, and chefs. Many of these new properties that have business lead to multiple job opurtunities. Most of the employees would be local and live here all year. However, although up to 95% of the resorts workforce will be local, the skilled,high paid jobs would be taken by foreigners. Also the all year round businesses would change to become specialised in the few months to maximise the opportunity to make money. A normal sports shop would become specialised in a ski hire shop. The shop would have extra staff which again is an advantage to the local people. Also many people will either bring their children or will be first time skiers and will need an instructor. These people charge à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 for a week of training. This means that the ywill again bring in money for the local economy. Many people will leave their children in crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ches and these will charge a lot of money again for the local people. However the catch is that these jobs are ENTIRLY dependant on the weather. People cannot ski if there is no snow. So apart from the ski season which at best is four months, the town will be like a small village. In the winter there can be thousands of people there. Some people may get replacement jobs in the summer. A ski instructor may become a water skiing intrsuctor. Or the crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½che operator may become a teacher. Even so the majority of people will be out of work for eight months. Many may move away but to most people this work for four months make them stay. This halts the process of depopulation in these alpine areas. Depopulation means that people move out of an area because they feel they have no future there. The young people of the ski village will no tmove out because of the money to be made by the tourism in the area. Also if the people did move out ski resorts will not be able to operate as almost everything relys on humans. The will also not move out on the grounds that there are no facilities in the village. This is because many people attract banks, supermarkets, hotels etc. So this means that the people who move for better facilities don't need to. But to many people the idea that there is only work for four months is still not good enough. So for this reason many people do still move away. But if they do stay as in many resorts today, during a busy period they will just add to overcrowding. Because of tourism the area will expience prosperity in their economy. The tourist who come are often on self-catering holidays, this means that will need to buy many items of food, they will spend money in supermarkets and in groceries. They may go to a restaurant, they will spend money there. They will spend money on ski equipment, on ski passes, lift passes and to the hotels. All this will improve the economy. All these jobs mean that people have more money than before. If they have more money their standard of living increases and so they spend more money in the village meaning the economy will prosper. However there are some down sides to this resort. For example, all this development is not natural. It leads to the environment being destroyed. If the environment is destroyed many animals will lose their habitats and will have to go elsewhere or face dying. Trees will also have to be cleared which again means that animals will be forced to leave. Another problem that could be faced by the area is the fact that because o fthe increase in the numbers of people, the number of cars and vehicles in the area also increases. This means that air pollution also gets emmited more. This is ironic as this air pollution leads global warming. This leads to the snow line to get higher. If there is less snow then the resort may be open for less time every year and maybe even be closed. This is a disadvantage for the resort. The other problem is that it can be affected by the present state of the worldwide economy. If people are worried that they may not have enough money, the first thing that they cut is a holiday. As many people who go skiing go as a holiday from abroad. This means that the ywill not go to the resorts. This would be disastrous for the resort as it is the only time of the year they can make money. This means that they would have a bad standard of living for that year. What is more is that the people who do come to the resort will spend less freely than they would normally. This is again due to the fact that the economical situation would make them spend less. A ski resort has many advantages and disadvantages. These are some of the main ones.

tragedy essays

tragedy essays According to Aristotle, the main component of a tragedy lies in action, or the imitation of an action. For each character, it is by his actions that he is made happy or sad. He further notes that in tragedy, character is secondary to action. He also notes that the characters, through their actions, should invoke pity and fear from the audience. To me, this seems like a hopelessly narrow and confining way of looking at tragedy. I get the feeling that perhaps Shakespeare too felt confined by these conventions. That would at least explain the presence of his problem plays that do not easily fit into any one category. I think most of these genre conventions stem from peoples desire for fulfilled expectations. If Romeo and Juliet had been announced as Shakespeares new comedy, I imagine there would have been some confusion and even anger among the audience when they saw that it was clearly a tragedy. I guess the bottom line is, people like a good spectacle, and they like to have their expectations fulfilled. Hence, the necessity for different genres. They allow you to know what youre getting into beforehand. I say, to hell with genre! Let the artist be an artist! Do away with the idea that comedies must contain elements A, B, and C in order to be valid. I find Aristotles description of tragedies so specific as to be narrowing, and therefore exclusive. ...

Research Methods (new research methods and paradigms) Essay

Research Methods (new research methods and paradigms) - Essay Example econometrics), laboratory experiments and several numerical methods (e.g. mathematical modelling) (Myers, 1997). Quantitative stance offers a variety of tools including standardized questionnaires and survey, experiments, etc (Wainer and Braun, 1998). The concepts of reliability and validity have traditionally been considered the cornerstones of quantitative approach. On the other hand, poor applicability to examination of poorly quantifiable issues is a serious shortcoming of quantitative methods and techniques. This effect is known as 'decontextualization' of study results: models built on the basis of quantitative results fail to cover certain essential variables that come into play in the real world context (Patton, 2002). By contrast, qualitative methodology seeks to explore phenomena in the "real world setting [where] the researcher does not attempt to manipulate the phenomenon of interest" (Patton, 2002: 39). Qualitative stance can be defined as follows: "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification" (Strauss and Corbin, 1990: 17). Qualitative research reveals findings observed in the real world context where the phenomena being studied unfold naturally (Patton, 2002). As a result, qualitative perspective incorporates a different set of validation criteria than quantitative stance does (Kirk and Miller, 1986). For example, the replicability criterion can not be used to evaluate validity and legitimacy of a qualitative study. Instead, credibility, transferability and precision play very important role in determining validity of qualitative findings (Hoepfl, 1997). Some researchers argue that the concept of validity as it is defined within the quantitative paradigm is also not applicable to qualitative research (Creswell and Miller, 2000). Instead, they tend to develop their own concepts of validity or adopt other assessment criteria that depend upon each particular case. The examples of such criteria are quality, trustworthiness, rigor and some others (Dingwall et al, 1998). The distinctions between quantitative and qualitative research methodologies are determined by the underlying philosophical principles. The choice of epistemology, which guides the research, is admittedly the most important of these principles (Hirschheim, 1992). Epistemology Over the last years many experts have expressed concerns regarding the use of positivist paradigm and methods associated with it in the area of business and organisational research. The underlying assumption of positivist perspective, which is existence of an objective world that can be measured and quantified through the use of traditional scientific methods of inquiry - has been vigorously attacked. A number of organisational theorists started to claim that the positivist approach "strips contexts from meanings in the process of developing quantified measures of phenomena" (Guba and Lincoln, 1994: 106). Other concerns about the applicability of quantitative methodologies to in-dept examination of complex social phenomena include taking the collected data out of the real-world setting, poor representativeness and generalisation of data, exclusion of discovery from the realm of scientific inquiry, etc The positivist perspe

Homelessness Issue in the U.S Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Homelessness Issue in the U.S - Assignment Example What motivates me to support this cause of improving the lives of the individuals that are homeless is giving a smile to the people that were once hopeless in life. It is evident that homelessness has negative impacts on the society. One is that it may lead to increase in insecurity in an area. This is because the people who are homeless may indulge themselves in crime as they view themselves as unwanted in a society. The homeless also may involve themselves in the abuse of drugs and sell them to other locals. Statistics have shown that where people abuse drugs there is less production of the individuals which is not good for the economy. This means there will be fewer developments as few businesses will come up each year. What also motivates me to be involved in helping the homeless is because the shelter is a basic need to a human being. It is evident that the homeless people often are affected psychologically as they have no place they can call home. It limits their potential to standout and the courage to have families which form the bases to a society. Also, homeless people portray a bad image in a city when the tourists visit. This may make them feel insecure when they visit a city with too many homeless people. I also feel sorry for many homeless innocent individuals who are at times killed as they may be suspected to be thugs. This is inhuman as it has created fear among the homeless people. One of the goals I would want to achieve is to reduce the number of homeless people in America to at least 10 percent of the current statistics. Statistics have shown that about 600,000 Americans are homeless on a given night. A quarter of this people are children and a third of them live in unsheltered places like parks and abandoned buildings. The chronically homeless people are over 100,000 and three-quarters of them go unsheltered.